Manihot esculenta article about manihot esculenta by the. Its vegetative propagation through stem cuttings has many advantages, but deleteriously it means that pathogens are passed from one generation to the next and can easily accumulate. Cassava manihot esculenta crantz is the fourth supplier of dietary energy in the tropics after rice, sugar and maize and the ninth worldwide. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. Arafa et al international journal of pharmtech research, 2016,912. Manihot esculenta is an important food source for millions cassava is the third most important source of glazioovii in the tropics, after rice and maize.
Cassava manihot esculenta crantz is grown throughout tropical africa, asia and the americas for its starchy storage roots, and feeds an estimated 750 million people each day. Cassava, manihot esculenta subsp esculenta crantz 2n 36, is a starchy root crop and the primary staple for over 800 million people worldwide. Cassava manihot esculenta crantz, a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize, potato and barley. Generation of genetic diversity is necessary in improving on the potential of cassava when faced with various biotic and abiotic challenges. Manihot esculenta euphorbiaceae, a new alien species in. An excellent, if rather terse, guide to the traditional medicinal uses of the plants of.
Sep 01, 2019 manihot esculenta is an important food source for millions cassava is the third most important source of glazioovii in the tropics, after rice and maize. Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, euphorbiaceae. In vitro propagation of cassava manihot esculenta crantz. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Species of manihot are monecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the americas, from arizona in the united states south to argentina and uruguay. Manihot definition of manihot by the free dictionary. Ferguson this cassava descriptor list was adapted and translated from w. Although native to brazil, it has been planted as an annual root crop in tropical areas around the world for harvest of its stout, elongated, tuberous roots from which cassava, tapioca, starch and other food products are obtained. Manihot esculenta manesoverview eppo global database. Hermaphroditism in cassava manihot esculenta crantz.
Native to the neotropics, cassava is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions in asia, latin america and africa. Tapioca, manihot esculenta or cassava stem 8 inch long cuttings for growing tapioca, or cassava, plants have been in cultivation for its starchy tuberous roots for thousands of years with its origins traced to brazil. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Cassava, once regarded as food for the poor has become a multipurpose crop that responds to the priorities of developing countries, to trends in the. In the tropics cassava is the third most important source of calories with more. Cassava manihot esculenta crantz is to african villager farmers as rice is to the asian farmer, or potato and wheat are to european farmers montagnac et al. Simple storage techniques volume issue 2 robert h. Pdf biofertilizer impacts on cassava manihot esculenta. The root of the bitter variety is very poisonous when raw.
Manihot genus of economically important tropical plants. Manihot esculenta on integrated taxonomic information system. Euphorbiaceae also called cassava, manioc, yuca, balinghoy, mogo, mandioca, kamoteng kahoy, tapioca is a perennial woody shrub in the euphorbiaceae spurge family native to south america but now grown in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide for the edible starchy roots tubers, which are a major food source in the developing world, in equatorial regions. Cassava, once regarded as food for the poor has become a multipurpose crop that responds to. Muito utilizada como alimento pelos nativos do brasil ate o mexico. Hydrolyzed manihot esculenta tuber extract skin deep. Cassava manihot esculenta, flour, starch, diverse applications, industrial base 1. Selected morphological and agronomic descriptors for the characterization of cassava w. Toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration. Crantz is one of the most important and widely grown root crops in africa, asia and south america with a total production of over 250 million tonnes 1. History originated in brazil and paraguay pollen in mexico 6,600 bc maya cultivation 600 ad grown in the caribbean when columbus invaded 3rd largest source of carbohydrates in the tropics the bread of the tropics main food source for over 500m people. Manihot esculenta definition of manihot esculenta by the. Manihot synonyms, manihot pronunciation, manihot translation, english dictionary definition of manihot. Unveiling the micronome of cassava manihot esculenta.
Euphorbiaceae cultivars used by tukanoan indians in northwest amazonia. Jun 04, 2014 this page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 02. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Farmers choose it for its high productivity and its ability to withstand a variety of environmental conditions including significant water stress in which other crops fail. The whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius as a vector of african cassava mosaic virus at the kenya coast and ways in which the yield losses in cassava, manihot esculenta crantz caused by the virus can be reduced volume 8 special issue i. Subject of these test guidelines these test guidelines apply to all varieties of manihot esculenta crantz. Genebased microsatellites for cassava manihot esculenta. Antioxidant and gastroprotective activity of ethanolic rind.
Despite its native country is south america oriola and raji1, it islargely grown in ghana and africa as starchy tuber food for human and animal feed kay2. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava manihot esculenta. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 02. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao. Cultivated throughout the tropics for its tubers cassava, which have to be detoxified before use, and for the starch tapioca which can be prepared from them. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. In the case of ornamental varieties, it may, in particular, be necessary to use. The root, which is the major edible portion of the plant, is an important source of dietary energy and comprises more than 80% starch montagnac et al. It has so many names aside from cassava, such as manioc, mandoica, and it is the most important food in terms of carbohydrates ojo and akande 20. Presently, cassava breeders are breeding for a number of traits, such as drought tolerance, early root bulking, yield, starch, betacarotene, protein, dry matter, pest and disease resistance, by relying on genetic diversity that exists in manihot. Manihot esculenta cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems. The bark is smooth and pale grey, but can also be papery in texture.
Cassava manihot esculenta is a highyielding root crop that is the main staple food for more than 400 million inhabitants in the tropics cock, 1982. The sweet variety has a lower hcn content, which is confined to the phelloderm bark of the tuber. Its cultivation and processing provide household food security, income and employment opportunities for 500 million people in africa, asia and the americas. Publisher macmillan press year 1992 isbn 0333474945 description excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Selected morphological and agronomic descriptors for the. This is due to the fact this is due to the fact that cassava starch can perform most of the functions maize, rice and wheat starches are currently used for. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Cassava manihot esculenta has a great potential to be used in africa as an industrial base. It belongs to the family euphorbiaceae and requires at least 8 months of warm weather to produce a 1crop.
This is due to the fact that cassava starch can perform most of the functions. Flowers are male or female greenish to purple tinge. Manihot esculenta, commonly known as bitter cassava, tapioca, manioc or yuca, is a milkysapped tropical shrub that grows to 610 tall. Identification of f1 cassava manihot esculenta crantz. Sep 02, 2014 minerals composition ofgari analog produced from cassava manihot esculenta crantz and cocoyam colocasia esculenta tubers mg100 g. Manihot esculenta crantz or better known as cassava has been widely used to cure headache, hypertension, conjunctivis and cancer. Rey c 2016 unveiling the micronome of cassava manihot esculenta crantz. In 2007, africa was the worlds largest producer with 118 million tons out of a global production of 228 million tons. The repertoire of simple sequence repeat ssr markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic ssrs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. There are hydrocyanic glucosides hcn in all parts of the plant that are poisonous. Common name of cassava is manihot esculenta, belongs to eupobiaceae family as a perennial shrub. Oct 10, 2019 manihot esculenta is an important food source for millions cassava is the third most important source of calories in the tropics, after rice and maize. It is cultivated for its starchy tuberous roots as a valuable source of calories.
A downloadable pdf document of a book in prepublication awaiting illustration. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Cassava is very important in third world regions for food security. About the skin deep ratings ewg provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. Manihot esculenta is an important food source for millions cassava is the third most important source of calories in the tropics, after rice and maize. Manihot esculenta an overview sciencedirect topics. They grow very well in tropical areas where potatoes dont and act as a hedge against starvation. Added interest regarding this phenomenon concerns its usefulness for plant breeding programs, as escapes encompass genes acquired from the wild that are rarely found in cultivated varieties. Cassava was likely domesticated between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago in the amazon and is now grown throughout the tropical regions of the world. Case of escape in cassava, manihot esculenta crantz. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. A taxonomic genus within the family euphorbiaceae the cassava plant.
The whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius as a vector of. Cassava is eaten daily in various forms such asgari, fufu, and. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Manihot esculenta synonyms, manihot esculenta pronunciation, manihot esculenta translation, english dictionary definition of manihot esculenta. Ars germplasm resources information network maes integrated taxonomic information system jama3. The origin of manihot esculenta crantz euphorbiaceae. The exact origins of cassava manihot esculenta are not yet known, but it is thought that it arose in central brazil. Crop yield and growth components, igbariam, nigeria paper 1. Manihot esculenta at encyclopedia of life manihot esculenta at national center for biotechnology information. Antioxidant and gastroprotective activity of ethanolic. Pdf on nov 27, 2019, ayodele a otaiku and others published biofertilizer impacts on cassava manihot esculenta crantz rhizosphere. The present study is the first report of its occurrence in cassava, manihot esculenta crantz.
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